Ceramide C6 is a cell-permeable, non-physiologic analog displaying biological activity, including stimulation of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2) and activation of MAP kinase (ERK). Molt-4 leukemia cells are arrested at the G0/G1 phase (10μM) and apoptosis occurs at concentrations greater than 15μM. Ceramide C6 has been observed to enhance expression of COX-2 in rat granulosa cells and stimulate growth of aortic smooth muscle cells in bovines. Further observations of chemical functions include apoptosis of HL-60 cells, suppression of insulin-induced Tyr phosphorylation, inhibition of neurite growth, and inhibition of glycoprotein traffic via the secretory pathway.