Sphingosylphosphorylcholine, D-erythro

Sphingosylphosphorylcholine, D-erythro (SPC) is a sphingosine metabolite and a wide-spectrum growth promoting agent for a variety of cell types. The compound has been shown to rapidly increase Ca²⁺ and free Arachidonic Acid levels in permeabilized cells. Additional experiments have reported this compound to stimulate cellular proliferation of quiescent Swiss 3T3 fibroblasts. Mechanistic studies suggest that SPC may act through both protein kinase C-dependent and -independent signaling pathways and via an increase in specific DNA-binding activity of transcription activator AP-1. SPC has also demonstrated the capacity to reduce epidermal permeability barrier proteins such as Filaggrin, increase intracellular level of reactive oxygen species, and up-regulate Nox5 (NADPH oxidase 5) gene transcription. Furthermore, the compound has also been revealed to stimulate prostaglandin E2 production by increasing Cox-2 (cyclooxygenase-2) expression in keratinocytes. SPC may serve as a substrate for Autotaxin. Sphingosylphosphorylcholine, D-erythro is an activator of c-Jun.