Pam3Cys-Ser-(Lys)4 trihydrochloride, sometimes derived from N-terminus of bacterial lipoproteins, has been shown to be a potent activator of Balb/c splenocytes in vitro and an agonist of TLR1/TLR2 (Toll-like receptor 1 and 2 complex). In murine bone marrow studies, this compound has displayed a cytotoxic capacity. Additionally, Pam3Cys-Ser-(Lys)4 trihydrochloride has been reported to activate O2 formation and lysozyme release in neutrophils. This agent has also been noted to be a very potent adjuvant in murine models.