Ouabain Octahydrate

Ouabain Octhahydrate, is natural compound biosynthesized in the adrenal glands and controlled by adrenocorticotropic hormone, epinephrine, and angiotensin II. This agent has been shown to inhibit Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase which results in the down-regulation of mRNA transcripts encoding several 14-3-3 gene isoforms. In the human eye, 14-3-3 proteins are multifunctional regulatory proteins and their reduction can cause profound effects on cell function and could potentially cause cataract formation. Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase is also a cardiac sodium pump and influences contractility via regulation of cardiac and smooth muscle cell proliferation, therefore its inhibition in the heart can potentially cause heart failure or dysfunction.