Aurintricarboxylic Acid

Aurintricarboxylic Acid a cell-permeable polyanionic, polyaromatic compound employed as a powerful inhibitor of cellular processes, including apoptosis, that are dependent on the formation of protein-nucleic acid complexes. It binds to a FGF and reduces its angiogenic activity. Aurintricarboxylic Acid has been shown to inhibit apoptotic cell death in various cell types induced by a variety of factors. It has also been demonstrated to be a potent inhibitor of DNA topoisomerase II (IC₅₀= 75 nM for the yeast enzyme as measured by relaxation assays) that inhibits angiogenesis. Aurintricarboxylic Acid inhibits von Willebrand factor binding to platelets and reduces glutamate-induced neuronal injury. Aurintricarboxylic Acid also stimulates the tyrosine phosphorylation of MAP kinases, Shc proteins, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, and phospholipase Cγ and inhibits both major calpain isoforms (IC₅₀ = 22 µM and IC₅₀ = 10 μM for μ-calpain and m-calpain, respectively).