N-alpha-(9-Fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl)-L-aspartic acid alpha-(4-nitroanilide)

Fmoc-L-Asp-pNA is a versatile building block for numerous chromogenic peptide test substrates for proteases such as Caspase-1 (ICE), Caspase-2 (ICH-1), Caspase-3 (CPP-32; Yama; Apopain), Pro-Caspase-3 (Pro-CPP-32; Pro-Yama; Pro-Apopain), Caspase-6 (Mch2), Caspase-8 (MACH; FLICE; Mch5), Granzyme B or Glycosylasparaginase. A wide variety of C-terminal Asp containing peptide-4-nitroanilides and other chromogenic peptidyl-arylamides can quickly be synthesized by Fmoc-based solid-phase synthesis strategy employing the side-chain carboxyl groups for transient anchoring to the resin. References: 1. Activation of the CPP32 protease in apoptosis induced by 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine and other DNA-damaging agents; R. Datta, D. Banach, H. Kojima, R. V. Talanian, E. S. Alnemri, W. W. Wong and D. W. Kufe; Blood 1996; 88: 1936-43. 2. A novel heterodimeric cysteine protease is required for interleukin-1 beta processing in monocytes; N. A. Thornberry, H. G. Bull, J. R. Calaycay, K. T. Chapman, A. D. Howard, M. J. Kostura, D. K. Miller, S. M. Molineaux, J. R. Weidner, J. Aunins and et al.; Nature 1992; 356: 768-74. doi:10.1038/356768a0 3. Familial CJD associated PrP mutants within transmembrane region induced Ctm-PrP retention in ER and triggered apoptosis by ER stress in SH-SY5Y cells; X. Wang, Q. Shi, K. Xu, C. Gao, C. Chen, X. L. Li, G. R. Wang, C. Tian, J. Han and X. P. Dong; PLoS One 2011; 6: e14602. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0014602 4. Apoptosis in transgenic mice expressing the P301L mutated form of human tau; R. M. Ramalho, R. J. Viana, R. E. Castro, C. J. Steer, W. C. Low and C. M. Rodrigues; Mol Med 2008; 14: 309-17. doi:10.2119/2007-00133.Ramalho 5. Synthetic ion transporters can induce apoptosis by facilitating chloride anion transport into cells; S.-K. Ko, S. K. Kim, A. Share, V. M. Lynch, J. Park, W. Namkung, W. Van Rossom, N. Busschaert, P. A. Gale, J. L. Sessler and I. Shin; Nat Chem 2014; 6: 885-892. doi:10.1038/nchem.2021 6. Solid-phase synthesis of peptide-4-nitroanilides; A. Kaspari, A. Schierhorn and M. Schutkowski; Int J Pept Protein Res 1996; 48: 486-94.